| NO. |
Title |
Presented at
&
Date |
Author |
Project Team / Research Division |
| Abstract |
| 10894 |
The Challenge of Japan Oil, Gas and Metals National
Corporation [JOGMEC] to develop the new GTL process,-
GTL process utilizing CO2 contained in the natural gas
to explore stranded gas reserves |
TOG 2004, Forum and Exihition,28-30 June 2004, Tripoli,
Libya
2004/6/28-29 |
Kazuhito Katakura(Japan Oil, Gas and Metals National
Corporation) |
Research Project Team on Emerging Gas Technologies |
[Abstract] JOGMEC has been tackling the research and development
of the natural gas conversion technology, Gas to Liquid
("GTL") since the fiscal year 1998 in collaboration with
five Japanese private companies for JAPEX, CHIYODA, COSMO
OIL, NIPPON STEEL and INPEX for the purpose of establishing
the option technology to explore stranded gas reserves.The
JNOC-GTL process differs from other conventional GTL processes
in two main sections:
1) The synthetic gas (“Syngas”) production applies the
steam (H2O)/CO2 reforming and
2) The Fischer-Tropsche (“FT”) synthesis employs the slurry
reactor with noble metal or non-noble metal catalysts.
JNOC-GTL process is capable to utilize CO2 contained
in the natural gas and it never require (1) O2 generator,
(2) CO2 removal unit, and (3) H2 conditioning unit for
Syngas. Such facility savings will bring about the remarkable
plant cost reduction for its election and operation. The
economic evaluation does indicate that the JNOC-GTL process
is particularly much more economical than the conventional
ones when applied under the condition of being 20 to 40mol%
CO2 contents in the natural gas.
Our challenges at the end of 2003 have delivered the
outcomes (1) recorded around 5,000 operation hours of
Syngas production and (2) produced GTL products at daily
rate 7.3BPSD in higher productivity at the Yufutsu GTL
pilot plant. Our new challenges also have been commenced
focusing on (1) the enhancement of the promising catalysts
of Syngas production and FT synthesis through the evaluation
of the long run reliability and (2) the development of
scale-up methods applying the computational fluid dynamics
to the total process.
This paper introduces the outline and the characteristics
of JNOC-GTL process, characteristics of GTL products,
the catalysts performance of Syngas production and FT
synthesis, process development with scale-up methods,
and the project roadmap viewing the economic evaluation
in the feasibility study between JOGMEC and Pertamina. |
|
|
| 10879 |
Lubricity of liquefied gas assessment of multi-pressure/temperature
high-frequency reciprocating rig (MPT-HFRR) -DME Fuel
for Diesel- |
SAE Fuels & Lubricants Meeting
2004/6/8-10 |
Kouseki Sugiyama(Iwatani International Corporation),
Masataka Kajiwara(Japan Automobile Research Institute),
Masahiro Fukumoto(NOF Corporation), Makihiko Mori, Shinichi
Goto(National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science
and Technology, AIST), Tomoko Watanabe(Japan Oil, Gas
and Metals National Corporation) |
Research Project Team on Emerging Gas Technologies |
| [Abstract] In this study, a MPT-HFRR (Multi-Pressure/Temperature
High-Frequency Reciprocating Rig) which can be used also
for liquefied gas fuel tests was manufactured based on
a Diesel fuel lubricity test apparatus, but having a construction
which can be used also for conventional test methods.
In this apparatus, when lubricity tests were performed
using a calibration standard sample and atmospheric pressure
or high pressure, essentially constant values were obtained,
so it was determined that it could be used for assessing
the lubricity of fuel. Using this apparatus, the improvement
of lubricity due to the addition of a DME (Dimethyl Ether)
fuel additive was investigated. As a result, it was found
that when 50ppm or more of a fatty acid lubricity improver
was added, the wear scar diameter converged to 400_m or
less, and a value close to the measurement result for
Diesel fuel was obtained. The lubricity obtained was considered
to be generally satisfactory. |
|
|
| 10878 |
Geometry of the fracture for cuttings reinjection operation
and solid concentration: A numerical study |
GulfRock 2004 (6th North American Rock Mechanics Symposium)
2004/6/8 |
Koji Yamamoto(Japan Oil, Gas and Metals National Corporation) |
Petroleum Engineering Research Team |
| [Abstract] In order to evaluate the growth of fractures for cuttings
re-injection, a solid transport model is included in a
solidfluid coupled hydraulic fracturing simulator. The
fracture geometry is a critical factor affecting the safety
of the re-injection operation, and solid particle flow
in the fractures is known to have a dominant effect on
the fracture propagation. To improve the accuracy of the
simulation, the finite element method (FEM) is introduced
for modeling the particle motion in the fracture fluid.
In the model, opening of the fracture, interaction between
multiple particles, and change in viscosity by the solid
concentration are taken into account. Numerical examples
shown here reveal that the fracture geometry is highly
dependent on the concentration of the solid due to the
change of gravity and slurry viscosity. The injected solid
concentration is one of the few controllable parameters,
thus the results suggest the feasibility of geometry control. |
|
|
| 10881 |
Development of Synthesis Gas Production Catalyst and
Process |
7th Natural Gas Conversion
2004/6/7 |
Fuyuki Yagi, Shuhei Wakamatsu, Ryuichirou Kajiyama,
Mitsunori Shimura(Chiyoda Corporation), Yoshifumi Suehiro(Japan
Oil, Gas and Metals National Corporation) |
Research Project Team on Emerging Gas Technologies |
| [Abstract] The CO2 reforming catalyst and process have been developed.
The commercial size CO2 reforming catalyst has been demonstrated
its activity and stability in the GTL pilot plant tests
for more than 1,100 hours, and the first GTL oil from
natural gas in Japan was produced in November 2002. In
these tests, synthesis gas was generated by CO2 and H2O
reforming with low CO2/Carbon and H2O/Carbon ratios in
feed gas composition. The proprietary catalyst which has
high resistance against carbon deposition could allow
the stable operation under CO2 and H2O reforming conditions.
The CO2 reforming simulator could well represent the results
of the pilot plant tests. The proposed process showed
superior economics on the feasibility studies of applications
to GTL processes. |
|
|
| 10871 |
The Challenge of Japan Oil, Gas and Metals National
Corporation [JOGMEC] to develop the new GTL process, -GTL
process utilizing CO2 contained in the natural gas to
explore stranded gas reserves- |
The CWC Group of Companies
2004/5/18 |
Katakura Kazuhito(Japan Oil, Gas and Metals National
Corporation) |
Research Project Team on Emerging Gas Technologies |
[Abstract] JOGMEC has been tackling the research and development
of the natural gas conversion technology, Gas to Liquid
("GTL") since the fiscal year 1998 in collaboration with
five Japanese private companies for JAPEX, CHIYODA, COSMO
OIL, NIPPON STEEL and INPEX for the purpose of establishing
the option technology to explore stranded gas reserves.The
JNOC-GTL process differs from other conventional GTL processes
in two main sections:
1) The synthetic gas (“Syngas”) production applies the
steam (H2O)/CO2 reforming and
2) The Fischer-Tropsche (“FT”) synthesis employs the slurry
reactor with noble metal or non-noble metal catalysts.
JNOC-GTL process is capable to utilize CO2 contained in
the natural gas and it never require (1) O2 generator,
(2) CO2 removal unit, and (3) H2 conditioning unit for
Syngas. Such facility savings will bring about the remarkable
plant cost reduction for its election and operation. The
economic evaluation does indicate that the JNOC-GTL process
is particularly much more economical than the conventional
ones when applied under the condition of being 20 to 40mol%
CO2 contents in the natural gas.
Our challenges at the end of 2003 have delivered the outcomes
(1) recorded around 5,000 operation hours of Syngas production
and (2) produced GTL products at daily rate 7.3BPSD in
higher productivity at the Yufutsu GTL pilot plant. Our
new challenges also have been commenced focusing on (1)
the enhancement of the promising catalysts of Syngas production
and FT synthesis through the evaluation of the long run
reliability and (2) the development of scale-up methods
applying the computational fluid dynamics to the total
process.
This paper introduces the outline and the characteristics
of JNOC-GTL process, characteristics of GTL products,
the catalysts performance of Syngas production and FT
synthesis, process development with scale-up methods,
and the project roadmap viewing the economic evaluation
in the feasibility study between JOGMEC and Pertamina. |
|
|
| 10692 |
Fault Characterization by Seismic Attributes and Geomechanics
in a Middle East Oil Field |
Geo Arabia Vol.9 No.2
2004/4/1 |
Yoshihiko Tamura, Keiichi Furuya(Japan Oil Development
Co., Ltd.), Futoshi Tuneyama(Stanford University), Hitoshi
Okamura(Japan National Oil Corporation) |
Research Project Team on Carbonate Reservoir |
| [Abstract] Faults and fractures were interpreted using attributes
that were extracted from a 3-Dseismic data set recorded
over a Lower Cretaceous Thamama oil field in offshore
Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. The Thamama reservoir
has good matrix porosity (frequently exceeding 20%), but
poor permeability (averaging 15 mD). Because of the low
permeability, faults and fractures play an important role
in fluid movement in the reservoir. The combination of
the similarity and dip attributes gave clear images of
small-displacement fault geometry, and the orientation
of subseismic faults and fractures. The study better defined
faults and fractures and improved geomechanical interpretations,
thus reducing the uncertainty in the preferred fluid-flow
direction. Two fault systems were recognized: (1) the
main NW-trending fault system with mapped fault-length
often exceeding 5 km; and (2) a secondary NNE-trending
system with shorter faults. The secondary system is parallel
to the long axis of the elliptical domal structure of
the field. Some of the main faults appear to be composed
of en-echelon segments with displacement transfer between
the overlapping normal faults (relay faults with relay
ramps). The fault systems recognized from the seismic
attributes were correlated with well data and core observations.
About 13 percent of the fractures seen in cores are non-mineralized.
The development of the fault systems was studied by means
of clay modeling, computer simulation, and a regional
tectonics review. The existing fluid-flow characteristics
of individual faults and fractures in the field can be
modeled using the present-day stress regime, with the
maximum horizontal stress oriented north-northeast. Slip-tendency
and dilation-tendency analyses simulating present-day
regional stress conditions are indicators of fault and
fracture transmissibility. The NNE-striking secondary
fault system is parallel to the present day maximum horizontal
stress and could act as a flow conduit in the reservoir. |
|
|
| 10860-2 |
Overview of the MITI Nankai Trough Wells: A Milestone
in the Ealuation of Methane Hydrate Resources |
Resource Geology Vol.54, No.1
2004/3/30 |
Yoshihiro Tsuji, Hisashi Ishida, Masaru Nakamizu(Japan
Oil, Gas and Metals National Corporation), Ryo Matsumoto(The
University of Tokyo), Satoshi Shimizu(Ministry of Economy,
Trade and Industry) |
Methane Hydrate Research Project Team |
| [Abstract] As a hydrocarbon consuming country, Japan has been interested
in methane hydrate as one of possible future energy resources,
as BSRs which is regarded to suggest the existence of
hydrate are widely distributed offshore Japan. A well
for hydrate research and for exploration of Tertiary conventional
structure, named MITI”Nankai Trough'' was drilled in late
1999 to early 2000, in the Northwest Pacific Ocean off
Central Japan at a location of which water depth is 945m.
Six wells, which are two pilot wells, the main hole and
three post survey wells, were drilled in the area of BSR
distribution. Distances among each hole are 10m to 100m.
The wells excluding the first well which was drilled for
examining free gas bubbling confirmed the occurrence of
hydrate by LWD, wireline logging, and/or coring by PTCS
and conventional method. Based on the results of Resistivity,
Sonic, FMI, CMR, and other logging data effective for
methane hydrate evaluation, four methane hydrate bearing
sand rich intervals of turbidite fan deposits were recognized.
Methane hydrate fills pore spaces among grains and the
saturation was 80% in the layers in a maximum. The thickness
of each turbidite sand layer is less than a meter and
the total thickness of the four sandy beds with methane
hydrate is 12 to 14m. The bottom depth of high hydrate
concentration was correlated with the depth of BSR by
VSP. Having the result of the well, Japan has started
a methane hydrate exploitation program. |
|
|
| 10860 |
Using 2D and 3D Basin Modelling to Investigate Controls
on Hydrocarbon Migration and Accumulation in the Vulcan
Sub-basin, Timor Sea, North-Western Australia |
APPEA 2004 (Australian Petroleum Production & Exploration
Association) (APPEA Journal 2004)
2004/3/30 |
Tetsuya Fujii (Japan Oil, Gas and Metals National Corporation) |
Geology & Geophysics Research Team |
[Abstract] 2D and 3D basin models have been constructed of the
southern and central parts of the Vulcan Sub-basin region,
in the Timor Sea. This work was carried out in order to
better elucidate the petroleum migration and accumulation
histories, and exploration potential, of the region.
2D/3D modelling in the Swan Graben indicates that horizontal
and downward oil expulsion from the source rocks of the
Late Jurassic Lower Vulcan Formation into the Plover Formation
sandstone was active from the Early Cretaceous to the
present day. Oil migration from the Lower Vulcan Formation
into the Late Cretaceous Puffin Formation sands in the
Puffin field was simulated by lateral migration along
the bottom of an Upper Vulcan Formation seal and by vertical
migration above the seal edge. Modelling also indicates
that Late Jurassic sequences over the Montara Terrace
are thermally immature, and did not contribute to the
hydrocarbon accumulations in the region. On the other
hand, 3D modelling results indicate that Middle Jurassic
Plover Formation in the Montara Terrace became thermally
mature after the Pliocene and hence it could contribute
both to the hydrocarbon accumulations and the overall
hydrocarbon inventory in the area.
In the southern Cartier Trough, the Lower Vulcan Formation
is typically at a lower thermal maturity than that seen
in the Swan Graben, due to a combination of a relatively
recent (Pliocene) enhanced burial history and a thinner
Lower Vulcan Formation. Here, horizontal and downward
oil/gas expulsion from the Lower Vulcan Formation into
the Plover Formation sandstone was active from the Late
Tertiary to present day, which is significantly later
than the expulsion in the Swan Graben. Oil migration from
the Lower Vulcan Formation into the Jabiru structure via
the Plover Formation carrier bed, was simulated in both
2D and 3D modelling. In particular, 3D modelling simulated
oil migration into the Jabiru structure, not only from
the southern Cartier Trough after the Miocene, but also
early migration from the northern Swan Graben in the Early
Cretaceous.
In the central Cartier Trough, the areal extent of both
generation and expulsion increased as a result of rapid
subsidence from about 5 Ma to present day. This Pliocene
loading has resulted in the rapid maturation of the Early
to Middle and Late Jurassic source system, and expulsion
of oil very recently. |
|
|
| 10859 |
New Analytical Correction for Multi-Phase Flow Effect
in Near-Well Regions of Coarse Grid System |
SPE Asia Pacific Conference on Integrated Modeling for
Asset Management
2004/3/29 |
Toshinori Nakashima, Masahiko Nomura(Teikoku Oil Co.
Ltd.) |
Research Project Team on Carbonate Reservoir |
[Abstract] Recently, the geostatistical approach has been very
common for the pixel-base reservoir modeling, therefore
the reservoir engineers are often requested to generate
the flow simulation model by up-scaling such pixel-base
reservoir model with a huge number of cells. In the up-scaling
process, not only the production and injection performances
at each well but also the fluid properties in the near-well
region in the coarse-grid reservoir model have to reasonably
agree with those in the fine-grid reservoir model. However,
it is known that the injection pressure at the well is
computed sometimes incorrectly in the coarse-grid reservoir
model. This is because total mobility at the injection
well is defined by the finite difference based average
saturation in the injection well grid block, in other
words the saturation gradient that would appear in the
near-well region is ignored in such coarse-grid system.
A new analytical technique is proposed to eliminate such
coarse-grid effects. This technique gives effective total
mobility accounting for the saturation and pressure distribution
in the near-well region by a following procedure.
The areal average saturation in the injection well grid
block is calculated analytically by the extended radial
displacement problem newly derived from the Buckley-Leverett
linear displacement problem, taking account of pressure
difference between the injection well and the injection
well grid block. Consequently, the corrected total mobility
is provided, by defining new value of total well index
and transmissibility.
The results computed by this new technique are reasonably
agreed with the analytical solution of radial problem.
The developed technique would contribute to 1) the fast
computation of the effective multiphase flow properties
in the near-well region, 2) the improvement of accuracy
in the calculation of injection pressure in the coarse-grid
system, and 3) the up-scaling approach to eliminate coarse-grid
effects. |
|
|
| 10857 |
Stacking Velocity Analysis at the Local Point Utilizing
Diffraction Stacking Method |
The 8th International Symposium on Recent Advances in
Exploration Geophysics in Kyoto (RAEG2004)
2004/3/10 |
Tatsuo Saeki, Jun Matsushima (Japan Oil, Gas and Metals
National Corporation), Sumito Morita(National Institute
of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology), Masao
Hayashi (Japan Oil, Gas and Metals National Corporation) |
Geology & Geophysics Research Team |
| [Abstract] In the conventional stacking velocity analysis of 2D
reflection seismic data processing, the complex subsurface
structure and the irregular acquisition geometry frequently
produce artificial velocity anomalies. In order to investigate
the true velocity structure in the 2D survey area of the
Kumano Basin in Nankai Trough, pseudo-3D diffraction stacking
method with multi 2D lines data was applied for the stacking
velocity analysis. This method enabled to cancel artificial
velocity anomalies and provide the analysis accuracy similar
to the 3D pre-stack time migration. |
|
|
| 10854 |
Methane Hydrate Detection Using Dense Velocity Analysis |
2003 Fall meeting of American Geophysical Union
2003/12/10 |
Takashi Hamajima (JGI Inc.), Takao Inamori, Masami Hato
(Japan Petroleum Exploration Co., Ltd.), Eiichi Asakawa
(JGI Inc.), Nobutaka Oikawa (Japan National Oil Corporation) |
Research Project Team, Methane Hydrate |
| [Abstract] As one of approach to evaluating the total amount of
methane hydrate, a method utilizing the results of velocity
analysis on reflection seismic exploration data is studied.
Well log sonic data reveals that the velocity of the methane
hydrate bearing zone is greater than that of surrounding
sediments. Thus, the velocity information can be used
for detection of the methane hydrate zone.\\In order to
delineate detailed velocity variations, a dense velocity
analysis is performed using an automatic velocity picking
tool. Because the target depth of this analysis is fairly
shallow ( less than 400m below sea bottom ), a simple
algorithm can be used for the picking.\\Dense velocity
analysis is applied to 2D marine seismic data acquired
over the Nankai Trough, Offshore Japan. Comparison between
automatic and manual picking results showed a similar
trend at the shallower zone above BSR. The processing
time, however, is considerably different; it takes several
days for manual picking against a few minutes for automatic
picking.\\In the automatic picking process, the velocity
trend is also estimated. The difference between actual
velocity and velocity trend provides another viewpoint
for the delineation of velocity anomaly zone.\\On going
work includes an analysis of 3D marine seismic data in
the Nankai Trough. Provisional results will be shown in
this meeting. |
|
|
| 10853 |
High Resolution, Deep-Tow Seismic Survey to Investigate
Methane Hydrate-Bearing Sediments, Nankai Trough, Offshore
Japan |
2003 Fall meeting of American Geophysical Union
2003/12/10 |
Peter Ward, Eiichi Asakawa (JGI Inc.), Shoshirou Shimizu
(Japan National Oil Corporation) |
Research Project Team, Methane Hydrate |
| [Abstract] A 2D deep-towed seismic survey was carried out over
part of the Nankai Trough, Offshore Japan, in 1996. The
area is known to have a major accumulation of methane
hydrate; conventional seismic surveys have mapped thousands
of sq. km. of BSR events, and the presence of methane
hydrate was confirmed by a MITI research well in 2000.
The objective of the deep-towed survey was to obtain high
resolution stack and velocity profiles of the methane
hydrate-bearing sediments down to the BSR, which occurs
at around 300 msec below the sea bottom in this area.
The data was acquired using the "Deep-Towed Acoustics/Geophysics
System (DTAGS), developed by the Naval Research Laboratory,
USA. Both the source and the hydrophone cable are towed
close to the seabed, allowing a "close look"
at the shallow sediments. The source is a vibrator-type
Helmholtz transducer with a 0.25 sec sweep from 250-650
Hz. The hydrophone cable has 48 channels and a maximum
offset of 620m. This paper focuses on the data processing,
carried out in 1998 and 2002. The main challenge in the
processing was to handle the floating acquisition datum
with source and receiver depths being maintained at typically
200-300 m above a varying seabed. The measured depths
had to be corrected by residual statics derived from picks
of the sea bottom reflection event. A total of around
200 km of data was processed, with water depths of 700-1400
m. The results showed that it is possible to obtain high
resolution profiles and velocity data, and that it is
also possible to fail to achieve such data. Success largely
depends upon control of the depths during acquisition;
they should be kept smoothly varying and measured as accurately
as possible. The deep-tow system has the advantage over
conventional data in water depths of around 1000 m or
deeper, for zones close (within 100's m) to the seabed.
The advantage of the system becomes greater with increasing
water depth. |
|
|
| 10845 |
A Trial of delineation of Methane Hydrate-bearing Zone
using Seismic Attribute - for quantification of methane
hydrate volume- |
First International Workshop on Continental Margin Tectonics
and Gas Hydrates
2003/11/16 |
Masami Hato, Takao Inamori (Japan Petroleum Exploration
Co., Ltd.), Jun Matsushima (Japan National Oil Corporation) |
Research Project Team, Methane Hydrate |
[Abstract] Following the confirmation of methane hydrate (hereafter
called just as "hydrate") occurrence in Nankai
Trough offshore Japan by drilling in 1999, the national
project named "MH21" started. The most important
and hurried issue to be done is to evaluate the total
amount of the hydrate after establishing the geophysical
evaluation technique.
Due to the style of the hydrate accumulation, we can easily
find the bottom of hydrate-bearing zone by BSR. On the
other hand, the top of the hydrate-bearing zone is hard
to recognize because of its sparse distribution. Hato
& Inamori (2002) introduced the validity of the interval
velocity to delineate spatial distribution of hydrate
based on the high impedance property of the hydrate.
In order to try more precise delineation of hydrate-bearing
zone, we adopt a seismic attribute. Attribute analysis
is categorized into 2 class, which is post-stack attribute
and pre-stack attribute analysis. In this presentation,
we show the result of post-stack hybrid (impedance and
attenuation) attribute analysis to the seismic data acquired
in Nankai Trough, based on the fact of high impedance
of hydrate-bearing zone and hypothesis of low elastic-wave
attenuation in the hydrate. This hybrid attribute well
indicates the hydrate-bearing interval except some hydrate-bearing
layers. We also tried to apply a pre-stack hybrid (impedance
and pseudo Poisson's ratio) attribute analysis to the
same data based on the purely theoretical approach. The
result shows us good coincidence to the result from the
post-stack attribute analysis and the well log analysis. |
|
|
| 10844 |
JNOC's GTL Process Development |
The Sh Vietnam-Japan Dialogue on Energy Cooperation
2003/11/11 |
Akira Suzuki |
Research Project Team for Emerging Gas Technologies |
[Abstract] 1. GTL Projects Overview
(1) What's GTL and Why?
(2) What's going now?
2.JNOC's GTL R & D Program
(1) Target and Specification
(2) Time Schedule
(3) Organization
(4) Results up to now
3. Conclusion |
|
|
| 10842 |
Development of gas hydrate production systems for gas
transportation |
3rd International workshop on methane hydrates R&D
2003/11/18-21 |
Toshiharu Okui, Katsuhiko Bando, Masaru Ihara (Japan
National Oil Corporation) |
Research Project Team for Emerging Gas Technologies |
[Abstract] Since Japan has very small amount of domestic natural
gas and oil resources, it is important to have options
to import energy resources. Natural Gas Hydrates (NGH)
has drawn much attention as one of the future gas transportation
methods these days. NGH contains 170 times as much gas
as its volume under milder conditions, such as at much
higher temperature than LNG and lower temperature than
pressure cylinders. Therefore, a capital cost of NGH process
is estimated lower than that of LNG. There are many reports
of laboratory data about basic properties of gas hydrates
and some reports about the cost estimation of NGH chain
for gas transportation but almost no engineering data
for industrial applications.
Japan National Oil Corporation (JNOC) has started research
programs to evaluate industrial efficiency of NGH as a
gas transportation medium in 1999 with Japanese private
companies. First a special attention was paid to collect
engineering data of fast and continuous production of
hydrates. We are comparing and evaluating typical formation
processes, such as spraying, stirring and bubbling, from
industrial point of view. Production rate has been optimized.
For example, relationship between production rate and
condition of pressure and temperature was investigated,
and contacting surface area was maximized by controlling
droplet size or bubble size. During the study, there have
been engineering difficulties to form large amount of
hydrate with enough density of gas with bench scale facilities
but some of them were successfully overcome by unique
original technology of each partner. Results of basic
properties investigations by partners are also helpful
to solve such problems.
Now the program is fully equipped by not only the production
but also shipping and gasification, finally. With those
detailed engineering data from all components, more accurate
cost of hydrate transportation system will be estimated. |
|
|
| 10839 |
Experimental observation of natural gas hydrate dissociation
in sediments |
3rd International workshop on methane hydrates R&D
2003/11/18-21 |
Toshiharu Okui (Japan National Oil Corporation), Takashi
Uchida (Japan Petroleum Exploration Co., Ltd.), Yoshihiro
Masuda (University of Tokyo) |
Research Project Team, Methane Hydrate |
[Abstract] In order to observe hydrate dissociation in sediment
under controlled pressure and temperature, it was suggested
that X-ray CT scanner would be a useful. Natural core
samples of gas hydrate in sediments were obtained from
under permafrost in Canada. Gas hydrates are generally
stable at low temperature and high pressure; therefore,
conditions should be kept in a tightly packed core holder
to observe dissociation phenomenon. In this experiment,
confining pressure, pore pressure and temperature were
independently controlled during observation. Both depressurizing
and heating processes, which are proposed as candidates
for gas production processes from natural gas hydrate,
were simulated in laboratory.
Natural core samples were set in a core holder especially
designed for this experiment. Conditions were carefully
changed into hydrate dissociation zone. Difference of
dissociating behavior in depressurizing and heating processes
were observed respectively with X-ray CT scanning. Obtained
CT value data were processed to indicate three-dimensional
image of hydrate in sediments. As results, dissociation
of the hydrates was clearly observed as difference of
CT values. It was suggested that CT value change was mainly
caused by gas phase formation.
Dissociation behavior was strongly influenced by quality
of samples, especially amount and distribution of hydrates.
On the other hand, a common trend was observed. All hydrates
immediately began to dissociate when they were exposed
to theoretical dissociation conditions of pure methane
hydrate. Additionally after the pressure was sufficiently
released the gas expanded through pore space.
It was suggested that X-ray CT scanning would be an appropriate
technique for observation of natural gas hydrate dissociation
in sediments. Detailed studies would be useful to optimize
dissociation processes and conditions for gas production
from natural gas hydrates. |
|
|
| 10838 |
Challenge for the Development of Full Petroleum System
Model -Integration of Three-dimensional Petroleum Migration
Model, Geomechanical Model and Source Rock Depositional
Model- |
Geological Society of America 2003 Seattle Annual Meeting
2003/11/5 |
Akihiko Okui, Kunihiro Tsuchida (Japan National Oil
Corporation), Ryosuke Aoyagi, Osamu Kitamura, Kiyoshi
Matsubara (Fuji Research Institute Co., Ltd.) |
Research Project Team, Methane Hydrate |
| [Abstract] Basin modeling technique was started in 70fs as zero-dimensional
source rock maturity model, has evolved to one-dimensional
model introducing compaction, heat transfer and kinetic
model, and to two-dimensional model with multi-phase fluid
flow. Even three-dimensional petroleum migration model
has been developed in late 90fs and started using in actual
exploration and production projects of oil industry. However,
present three-dimensional petroleum migration model is
not perfect and lacking enough capability to model essential
phenomena in petroleum system such as petroleum migration
through faults and fractures, and source rock development.
Our solution is to develop additional computer models
to simulate these phenomena and establish the linkage
among these models. In order to model petroleum migration
through faults and fractures, we have developed forward
geomechanical model which calculates stress-strain condition
and plastic-elastic deformation. We adapted cam-clay model
developed in civil engineering. Our case study indicated
that this model can simulate work-softening and work-hardening
effects, which corresponds to the fault acting as leakage
and as seal, respectively. It was also modeled that one
fault has both work-softening and hardening portions at
the same time according to stress-strain condition. Source-rock
distribution and its properties are important and sensitive
input data for petroleum migration model. However, at
this moment, users have to specify them with limited information
and in some cases, it is difficult to do it. Therefore,
source-rock depositional model, which calculates water
circulation, organic matter production and preservation,
has been also developed. Our case study in present Lake
Tanganyika indicated that modeled water circulation and
organic matter production and concentration are consistent
with observed ones. We have just started to include the
function to model the formation of methane hydrate into
petroleum migration model, which would be additional evolution
of petroleum system modeling |
|
|
| 10837 |
Chemiluminescence Analysis from In-Cylinder Combustion
of a DME-Fueled DI Diesel Engine |
SAE Powertrain & Fluid Systems Conference
2003/10/29 |
Mitsuaru Oguma, Shinichi Goto (National Institute of
Advanced Industrial Science and Technology), Hidefumi
Hatsuzawa, Zhili Chen, Mitsuru Konno (Ibaraki University),
Tomoko Watanabe (Japan National Oil Corporation) |
Research Project Team for Emerging Gas Technologies |
| [Abstract] To date, the DME combustion mechanism has been investigated
by in-cylinder gas sampling, numerical calculations and
observation of combustion radicals. It has been possible
to quantify the emission intensities of in-cylinder combustion
using a monochromator, and to observe the emitting species
as images by using band-pass filters. However, the complete
band images were not observed since the broadband (thermal)
intensity may be stronger than band spectra intensities.
Emission intensities of DME combustion radicals from a
pre-mixed burner flame have been measured using a spectroscope
and photomultiplier. Results were compared to other fuels,
such as n-butane and methane, then, in this study, to
better understand the combustion characteristics of DME,
emission intensities near CH bands of an actual DI diesel
engine fueled with DME were measured, and band spectra
emitted from the engine were defined. Near TDC, emission
intensities did not vary with wavelength. This baseline
intensity seems to be continuous spectrum emission. Two
emission intensity peaks were observed; one near 427 nm
and the other at 431.4 nm, and these were apparently DME
combustion emission lines. The intensity of the 427 nm
line increases from the early to middle stage of diffusion
combustion, compared to the continuous spectrum. As combustion
advances, the light intensity strengthens around the combustion
chamber walls. That is, active heat release occurs near
the chamber walls. |
|
|
| 10836 |
A Trial of delineation of Methane Hydrate-bearing Zone
using Seismic Attribute -For Quantification of Methane
Hydrate Volume- |
1st International Workshop on Continental Margin Tectonics
and Gas Hydrates
2003/11/16-18 |
Masami Hato, Takao Inamori (Japan Petroleum Exploration
Co., Ltd.), Jun Matsushima (Japan National Oil Corporation) |
Research Project Team, Methane Hydrate |
[Abstract] Following the confirmation of methane hydrate (hereafter
called just as ehydratef) occurrence in Nankai Trough
offshore Japan by drilling in 1999, the national project
named eMH21f started. The most important and hurried issue
to be done is to evaluate the total amount of the hydrate
after establishing the geophysical evaluation technique.
Due to the style of the hydrate accumulation, we can easily
find the bottom of hydrate-bearing zone by BSR. On the
other hand, the top of the hydrate-bearing zone is hard
to recognize because of its sparse distribution. Hato
& Inamori (2002) introduced the validity of the interval
velocity to delineate spatial distribution of hydrate
based on the high impedance property of the hydrate.
In order to try more precise delineation of hydrate-bearing
zone, we adopt a seismic attribute. Attribute analysis
is categorized into 2 class, which is post-stack attribute
and pre-stack attribute analysis. In this presentation,
we show the result of post-stack hybrid (impedance and
attenuation) attribute analysis to the seismic data acquired
in Nankai Trough, based on the fact of high impedance
of hydrate-bearing zone and hypothesis of low elastic-wave
attenuation in the hydrate. This hybrid attribute well
indicates the hydrate-bearing interval except some hydrate-bearing
layers. We also tried to apply a pre-stack hybrid (impedance
and pseudo Poissonfs ratio) attribute analysis to the
same data based on the purely theoretical approach. The
result shows us good coincidence to the result from the
post-stack attribute analysis and the well log analysis. |
|
|
| 10835 |
Seismic features of BSRs in Nankai Trough, offshore
Japan |
1st International Workshop on Continental Margin Tectonics
and Gas Hydrates
2003/11/16-18 |
Shoshiro Shimizu, Nobutaka Oikawa, Masao Hayashi, Koji
Ochiai, Masaru Nakamizu, Yoshihiro Tsuji (Japan National
Oil Corporation) |
Research Project Team, Methane Hydrate |
[Abstract] In general, pressure and temperature conditions below
water depths of about 500 m, cause methane to form ice-like
crystals of methane hydrate. If methane hydrate is formed
in unconsolidated sedimentary layer, its P-wave velocity
becomes much higher than surrounding layers, and the velocity
structure of methane hydrate will give its existence on
the seismic section. In this stage, marine seismic survey
is the key in the point of view that the seismic reflector
on a seismic section is recognized as the indicator to
exist a methane hydrate and it is called the bottom simulating
reflector (BSR).
BSRs were recognized on the seismic section of the continental
margin of Nankai Trough, at 1980s (Aoki Y. et al 1983)
and the extensive distribution of BSRs were anticipated
on this area (Ciesnik N. et al 1989).
In Japan, the methane hydrate research project had commenced
from 1995 and continued to 2000 as Special Research “Methane
Hydrate Exploration Technology”, and consecutively “MH21”
research project had started 2001 FY and will continue
to 2006 FY as the Phase-1. The objective of these projects
is to investigate the possibility of the methane hydrate
offshore Japan as energy resources. In theses projects,
various types of seismic surveys to delineate precise
distribution of BSRs were carried out in the continental
margin of Nankai Trough, and it was clear that the BSRs
have various appearances by different seismic surveys,
for example deep-towed seismic survey, OBS, conventional
and high resolution seismic surveys. We will show some
examples of seismic sections acquired by the above mentioned
surveys, and the validity of such surveys has been examined.
BSRs themselves also are evaluated by their continuity,
strength of amplitude and frequency contents of them to
select a proper area of methane hydrate exploration. |
|
|
| 10834 |
Assessment of the Resource Potential of Methane Hydrate
in the Nankai Trough, offshore Central Japan |
Fire in Ice: Implication for Energy Development and
the Carbon Cycle? Gas Hydrate Workshop
2003/11/12 |
Yoshihiro Tsuji (Japan National Oil Corporation) |
Research Project Team, Methane Hydrate |
| [Abstract] Efforts on resource assessment of methane hydrate in
the Nankai Trough area, offshore Central Japan, was introduced.
The occurrence of methane hydrate in the exploratory well,
MITI "Nankai Trough", and of BSRs observed in
the data of 2D and 3D seismic survey were also presented. |
|
|
| 10832 |
Observation of natural gas hydrate dissociation with
X-ray CT |
International Workshop on X-ray CT Geomaterials (Geox
2003)
2003/11/7 |
Toshiharu Okui (Japan National Oil Corporation), Takashi
Uchida (Japan Petroleum Exploration Co. Ltd.), Yoshihiro
Masuda (University of Tokyo) |
Research Project Team, Methane Hydrate |
| [Abstract] Dissociation of gas hydrate, which has drawn much attention
as an unconventional energy resource, in natural core
samples from permafrost was observed with an X-ray CT
scanner. Both depressurizing and heating processes, which
are considered as typical potential production processes,
were simulated in laboratory scale for the field gas production
tests from gas hydrate. Dissociation of the gas hydrate
was clearly observed as difference of CT values. The difference
was mainly caused by gas phase formation. Ob-tained three-dimensional
CT data of inside of the cores were processed to visualize
dissociation behavior. Consequently it was observed that
dissociation behavior depended on quantity and distribution
of hydrates. These results suggested that X-ray CT scanning
was suitable for observation of natural gas hydrate dissocia-tion
in sediments and useful for evaluation of gas hydrate
as an unconventional energy in future. |
|
|
| 10831 |
Occurrence of Methane Hydrate and BSRs in the Nankai
Trough, offshore Japan |
Geological Society of America
2003/11/5 |
Yoshihiro Tsuji, Koji Ochiai, Takatoshi Namikawa, Shoshiro
Shimizu, Masao Hayashi, Nobutaka Oikawa, Masaru Nakamizu,
Jun Matsushima (Japan National Oil Corporation), Toshihide
Shimizu (Teikoku Oil Co., Ltd.), Ken Shibata(Japan Petroleum
Exploration) |
Research Project Team, Methane Hydrate |
| [Abstract] As a part of a project assessing resource potential
of methane hydrate which is expected to be associated
with widely distributed BSRs (Bottom Simulating Reflectors)
in the Northwest Pacific, offshore Central Japan, the
MITI Exploratory test well "Nankai Trough" drilling
campaign was carried out from late 1999 to early 2000,
at the water depth of 945m. During the drilling campaign,
a total of six wells were drilled within a 100m radius
of the main hole: two pilot holes, the main hole, and
three post survey wells. Distances among each hole are
10m to 100m. Wireline logging, LWD and/or coring were
carried out and logging records and core analyses data
were obtained from the wells. Based on the results of
Resistivity, Sonic, FMI, CMR, and other logging data which
are very effective for methane hydrate evaluation, it
was determined that there were four methane hydrate bearing
sand rich intervals, and total thickness of the methane
hydrate rich beds is 12 to 14m. Such intervals consist
of turbidite fan deposits. The intervals were correlated
between the wells, and wireline logging data showed that
the methane hydrate saturation was 20 to 80% in the layers.
The bottom depth of high hydrate concentration was correlated
with the depth of BSR by VSP. Methane hydrate occurrence
to fill pore spaces among grains, an advantage for resource
point of view, was visually confirmed by cores from two
wells. It has been revealed that BSR has various features,
that is, variety in amplitude and continuity, which is
presumably influenced by methane hydrate concentration
and occurrence in the sediments. To obtain the reliable
volume for methane hydrate resource, it is necessary to
correlate and calibrate the subsurface geological information
from wells and BSRs. The characteristics of BSRs and their
distribution were examined using 2D and 3D seismic data,
and plan for multi-well drilling campaign in early 2004
were settled to verify methane hydrate occurrences with
related to BSRs. |
|
|
| 10829 |
Development of a compact and high-efficiency DME-fueled
fuel cell reforming system |
2003 Fuel Cell Seminar
2003/11/4 |
Tetsuya Takemoto, Osamu Okada (Osaka Gas Co., Ltd.),
Yasushi Hiramatsu (Mitsubishi Gas Chemical Co., Inc),
Hiroshi Hashimoto (JGC Corporation), Hisashi Otsuka (Itochu
Corporation), Shinichi Suzuki (Japan National Oil Corporation) |
R&D Planning Division |
[Abstract] With its high chemical stability, extremely low toxicity
and physical properties similar to liquefied petroleum
gas, dimethyl ether (hereinafter referred to as “DME”)
is a promising synthetic fuel. DME can also be a favorable
energy carrier in light of effective utilization of small
and medium-scale gas fields untapped due to economic constraints,
such as high transport costs. To take advantage of these
excellent characteristics, extensive efforts have been
made to develop and improve DME manufacturing techniques,
and develop application technologies to promote the use
of DME. Meanwhile, in the field of fuel use technologies,
development of clean, energy-saving technologies for consumer
use is an urgent task. As part of such efforts, researchers
have been working to develop polymer electrolyte fuel
cell systems for domestic and automobile use.
Focusing our attention on DME, which is expected to offer
extensive applications, we are aiming to develop a compact
and high-efficiency fuel cell system that uses DME as
a fuel. To this end, our efforts have been focused on
the development of a DME reforming unit, and the downsizing
and improved efficiency of existing reforming systems.
We have been conducting research and development on: 1)
a DME reforming catalyst, 2) a CO selective oxidation
high-efficiency heat removal system, and 3) a comprehensive
fuel-cell system, and concurrently conducting market research
on a DME fuel cell. With focus on development of a DME
reforming catalyst, this paper reports on our DME fuel
cell system. |
|
|
| 10827 |
Implementation of the Extended Leak-off Test in Deep
Wells in Japan |
International Symposium on Rock Stress Kumamoto (RS
Kumamoto 2003)
2003/11/4 |
kohji Yamamoto (Japan National Oil Corporation) |
Research Division for Petroleum Engineering |
| [Abstract] Some experiences of carrying out the Extended Leak-off
Test (ELOT) in two deep exploration wells drilled in Japan,
in northern Hokkaido and Niigata prefecture, are presented
with an evaluation of the stress states. Different pressure
records obtained in the wells and depths are shown, and
evaluation procedures considering the geological features
of the relevant formation are described. The authors propose
a modified procedure of the test for improving the accuracy
of the interpretation and ensuring the well integrity. |
|
|
| 10826 |
Characteristics of Spray Formation and Combustion in
Diesel Engines Operated with Dimethyl Ether |
6th IDA Meeting
2003/11/14 |
Yuji Oda, Koutaro Fujimura (Mitsubishi Heavy Industries,
Ltd.), Shuichi Kajitani (Ibaraki University), Shinichi
Suzuki (Japan National Oil Corporation) |
Research Project Team for Emerging Gas Technologies |
| [Abstract] In this paper, characteristics of dimethyl ether spray
formation was observed by the high speed video and both
of the combustion characteristics and performance of the
dimethyl ether operated diesel engine were investigated.
From the observational results on dimethyl ether spray,
it becomes clear that the spray formation is so much different
from that of gas oil and that is the point to be specially
considered in designing the combustion system. From the
experimental result using dimethyl ether operated diesel
engine, it becomes clear that it can achieve the smokeless
performance under whole driving condition. In addition,
even with large amount of EGR, it keeps smokeless performance,
and it was obtained that it could pass the EPA Tier3 exhaust
regulation. Throughout these experiments, the abrasive
characteristics in fuel injection system, especially on
the fuel injection pump plunger surface and on the fuel
injection valve needle surface, is also confirmed and
the necessity of some coating treatment is predicted.
From these results, the basic characteristics of engine
performance, the potential ability of decreasing exhaust
emission and also the problems in the dimethyl ether operated
diesel engine for practical use are discussed. |
|
|
| 10825 |
Characteristics of Spray Formation and Combustion in
Diesel Engines Operated with Dimethyl Ether |
Shanghai DME Forum 2003
2003/10/23 |
Yuji Oda, Koutaro Fujimura (Mitsubishi Heavy Industries,
Ltd.), Shuichi Kajitani (Ibaraki University), Shinichi
Suzuki (Japan National Oil Corporation) |
Research Project Team for Emerging Gas Technologies |
| [Abstract] In this paper, characteristics of dimethyl ether spray
formation was observed by the high speed video and both
of the combustion characteristics and performance of the
dimethyl ether operated diesel engine were investigated.
From the observational results on dimethyl ether spray,
it becomes clear that the spray formation is so much different
from that of gas oil and that is the point to be specially
considered in designing the combustion system. From the
experimental result using dimethyl ether operated diesel
engine, it becomes clear that it can achieve the smokeless
performance under whole driving condition. In addition,
even with large amount of EGR, it keeps smokeless performance,
and it was obtained that it could pass the EPA Tier3 exhaust
regulation. Throughout these experiments, the abrasive
characteristics in fuel injection system, especially on
the fuel injection pump plunger surface and on the fuel
injection valve needle surface, is also confirmed and
the necessity of some coating treatment is predicted.
From these results, the basic characteristics of engine
performance, the potential ability of decreasing exhaust
emission and also the problems in the dimethyl ether operated
diesel engine for practical use are discussed. |
|
|
| 10818 |
Characteristics and Impact of Asphaltene Precipitation
During CO2 Injection in Sandstone and Carbonate Cores:
An Investigative Analysis Through Laboratory Tests and
Compositional Simulation |
SPE International Improved Oil Recovery Conference in
Asia Pacific
2003/10/21 |
Satoru Takahashi (Japan National Oil Corporation) |
Research Division for Petroleum Engineering |
[Abstract] Characteristics and impact of asphaltene precipitation
during CO2 injection were investigated for a Middle East
crude oil in both sandstone and carbonate cores through
phase behavior studies, corefloods and analyses of the
deposition process using a compositional simulator. In
phase behavior studies, a light-scattering technique with
near infrared was used to determine the onset pressure
of asphaltene precipitation. Also investigated were the
effects of CO2 concentration on precipitation, including
the potential for precipitation by CO2 at the current
reservoir pressure.
The coreflood tests were conducted above the minimum miscibility
pressure (MMP) in both carbonate and sandstone cores to
investigate any difference in asphaltene precipitation
characteristics in them. The asphaltene content in the
produced oil decreased after the CO2 breakthrough -- an
indication of its precipitation within the core. A careful
post-test analysis of the flooded cores revealed that
a larger amount of asphaltene was left behind in carbonate
cores than sandstone core.
A compositional simulation study with tuned EoS parameters
was carried out to evaluate coreflood results, followed
by a parametric sensitivity analysis. In addition, the
effects of rock heterogeneities on the oil recovery and
asphaltene precipitation were investigated. A good match
with the oil recovery was obtained. Results indicated
that higher the degree of heterogeneities, the higher
is the asphaltene accumulation in the core. |
|
|
| 10817 |
Three-dimensional seismic imaging of bottom-simulating
reflectors by multi-channel seismic survey in the Nankai
accretionary prism |
SEG (Society of Exploration Geophysicists) 73rd Annual
Meeting
2003/10/29 |
Jun Matsushima, Shoshiro Shimizu, Nobutaka Oikawa, Masao
Hayashi, Koji Ochiai, Masaru Nakamizu(Japan National Oil
Corporation) |
Research Project Team, Methane Hydrate |
| [Abstract] A three-dimensional (3-D) multi-channel seismic (MCS)
survey was carried out in 2002 by METI (Ministry of Economy,
Trade and Industry) to explore gas hydrate bearing sediments
and to provide information contributed to the drilling
campaign scheduled in 2003 on the Nankai Trough area,
Japan. The seismic data presented here show the 3-D distribution
of bottom simulating reflectors (BSRs), which are associated
with the base of the hydrate stability zone and are expressed
on seismic records as a strong reflection of negative
polarity, often crosscutting stratigraphic layers. Our
3-D MCS data indicate the widespread existence of methane
hydrate through the presence of BSRs. From the preliminary
interpretation of the 3-D distribution of BSRs, we found
structural disturbances in the BSRs, which could be related
to land slide. We finally concluded that 3-D imaging of
BSRs proved to be useful in tracing the 3-D continuities
of BSRs. |
|
|
| 10811 |
Development of Transient Cuttings Transport & Hydraulics
simulator for UBD |
SPE Applied Technology Workshop “Underbalanced Operations”
2003/9/21-24 |
Katsuhiro Ohbi (Japan National Oil Corporation) |
Research Division for Petroleum Engineering |
[Abstract] JNOC/TRC has performed to develop the technology related
to “Transient Hydraulics Simulator (THS)” and “Cuttings
Transport Simulator (CTS)” with underbalanced drilling
using the experimental facility “Cuttings Transport Flow
Loop System (CTFLS)”. “THS” which applys drift-flux model
includes transient multiphase hydraulics in a drill string
and annulus and predicts BHP accurately. “CTS” which applys
two-layer model and expand to 3 phase ?2 layer model can
caluculate the Cuttings concentration, each phase velocity
and pressure in the annulus.
Those two simulators are trying to integrate and improve
now. |
|
|
| 10809 |
High resolution, deep-tow seismic survey to investigate
methane hydrate-bearing sediments, Nankai Trough, offshore
Japan |
OMARC (Ocean Margin Research Conference)
2003/9/15-17 |
Eiichi Asakawa, Peter Ward (JGI Inc.), Shoshirou Shimizu
(Japan National Oil Corporation) |
Research Project Team, Methane Hydrate |
[Abstract] A 2D deep-towed seismic survey was carried out over
part of the Nankai Trough, Offshore Japan, in 1996. The
area is known to have a major accumulation of methane
hydrate; conventional seismic surveys have mapped thousands
of sq. km. of BSR events, and the presence of methane
hydrate was confirmed by a MITI research well in 2000.
The objective of the deep-towed survey was to obtain high-resolution
stack and velocity profiles of the methane hydrate-bearing
sediments down to the BSR, which occurs at around 300
msec below the sea bottom in this area.
The data was acquired using the "Deep-Towed Acoustics/Geophysics
System (DTAGS), developed by the Naval Research Laboratory,
USA. Both the source and the hydrophone cable are towed
close to the seabed, allowing a "close look"
at the shallow sediments. The source is a vibrator-type
Helmholtz transducer with a 0.25 sec sweep from 250-650
Hz. The hydrophone cable has 48 channels and a maximum
offset of 620m.
This paper focuses on the data processing, carried out
in 1998 and 2002. The main challenge in the processing
was to handle the floating acquisition datum with source
and receiver depths being maintained at typically 200-300
m above a varying seabed. The measured depths had to be
corrected by residual statics derived from picks of the
sea bottom reflection event. A total of around 200 km
of data was processed, with water depths of 700-1400 m.
The results showed that it is possible to obtain high-resolution
profiles and velocity data, and that it is also possible
to fail to achieve such data. Success largely depends
upon control of the depths during acquisition; they should
be kept smoothly varying and measured as accurately as
possible.
The deep-tow system has the advantage over conventional
data in water depths of around 1000 m or deeper, for zones
close (within 100fs m) to the seabed. The advantage of
the system becomes greater with increasing water depth. |
|
|
| 10806 |
An Appraisal Project for offshore Methane Hydrate around
Japan |
AAPG International Conference
2003/9/23 |
Takatoshi Namikawa, Yoshihiro Tsuji, Masaru Nakamizu,
Koji Ochiai (Japan National Oil Corporation) |
Research Project Team, Methane Hydrate |
| [Abstract] Based on the interpretation result of many of seismic
records BSR (Bottom Simulated reflector), which is considered
as an index of methane hydrate, is detected in many of
seismic records in offshore Japan. According to a certain
trial calculation the amount of methane resource can be
250tcf in place. It is one of the largest potential hydrocarbon
resources for Japan. Therefore, as a part of Japanfs Methane
Hydrate Exploitation Program, Japan National Oil Corporation
(JNOC) has been generating an appraisal project for offshore
methane hydrate. This project consists from 2D, 3D seismic
and series of exploratory test wells. 2D (2800km) and
3D (1960km2) seismic were acquired in 2001 and 2002. Exploratory
test wells those will be drilled in early 2004. Data from
those activities provides input data to calculate the
amount of resource and information for site selection
for future production test well. |
|
|
| 10805 |
Integration of Three-dimensional Petroleum Migration
Model, Geomechanical Model and Source Rock Depositional
Model -Challenge for the Development of Full Petroleum
System Model- |
AAPG International Conference Barcelona 2003
2003/9/22 |
Akihiko Okui, Kunihiro Tsuchida, Ryosuke Aoyagi (Japan
National Oil Corporation), Noboru Yamazaki, Osamu Kitamura,
Kiyoshi Matsubara (Fuji Research Institute Corporation) |
Research Project Team, Methane Hydrate |
[Abstract] Basin modeling technique was started in 70fs as zero-dimensional
source rock maturity model, and has evolved to one-dimensional
model introducing compaction, heat transfer and kinetic
model and to two-dimensional model with fluid flow. Even
three-dimensional petroleum migration model has been developed
in late 90fs and started using in actual exploration and
production projects in oil companies.
However, present three-dimensional petroleum migration
model is not perfect and lacking enough capability to
model essential phenomena in petroleum system such as
petroleum migration through faults and fractures, and
source rock development. Our solution is to develop additional
computer models to simulate these phenomena and establish
the linkage among these models.
In order to model petroleum migration through faults and
fractures, we have developed forward geomechanical model
which calculates stress-strain condition and plastic-elastic
deformation. We adapted cam-clay model developed in civil
engineering. Our test indicated that this model can simulate
work-softening (fault leak) and work-hardening (fault
seal) effects.
In order to model source rock development, we have developed
source rock depositional model which calculate water circulation,
organic matter production and preservation. Our case study
in present Lake Tanganyika that this model can simulate
observed water circulation and organic matter production
and preservation.
These new two model will be combined with our three-dimensional
petroleum migration model and case studies in actual geological
basin will be conducted soon. |
|
|
| 10804 |
The Challenge Of JNOC To Develop The New GTL Process |
GAS-TO-LIQUID VI Conference
2003/9/10-11 |
Masaru Ihara, Yoshifumi Suehiro, Kazuhito Katakura (Japan
National Oil Corporation), Toshiya Wakatsuki (Japan Petroleum
Exploration Co., Ltd.), Mitsunori Shimura (Chiyoda Corporation),
Toshio Shimizu (Cosmo Oil Co., Ltd.), Kenichiro Fujimoto
(Nippon Steel Co., Ltd.), Atsushi Sakamoto (INPEX Corporation),
Suhardiman, Kusmiyati, Satya A.Putra, J.H.Simamora, Budiyono,
Musalam L, A.H.Kusnadi, T.Suhartanto, Soewarto, L.Nainggolan
(PERTAMINA) |
Research Project Team for Emerging Gas Technologies |
[Abstract] The natural gas with clean characteristics in combustion
is expected to be the alternative energy resources to
oils in the near future and further promotion of its utilization
will also be beneficial to environmental preservation.
JNOC has been tackling the research and development of
the natural gas conversion technology from the year of
1998 till 2004 in collaboration with five Japanese private
companies such as JAPEX, CHIYODA, COSMO OIL, NIPPON STEEL
and INPEX, in order to aim at establishing the option
technology to explore stranded gas reserves.
The JNOC-GTL process differs from other GTL processes
in two main sections:
1) The synthetic gas production (Syngas) section applies
the steam (H2O)/CO2 reforming rather than Auto-thermal
Reforming (ATR) or Non-catalytic Partial Oxidation (POX)
used in other processes, and
2) The Fischer-Tropsche synthesis (FT) section employs
the slurry reactor with noble metal or non-noble metal
catalysts, as compared to the Co or Fe based catalysts
used in other processes.
Thus, JNOC-GTL process is expected to get prominently
effective in energy efficiency as applied against the
natural gas reserves containing relatively high CO2.
JNOC-GTL process is capable to utilize CO2 contained in
the natural gas and does not require any O2 supply. Namely,
the characteristics of JNOC-GTL process in contrast to
those of the existing ones using ATR or POX are (1) no
use of the O2 generator, (2) no use of the CO2 removal
unit, and (3) no use of the H2 conditioning unit for syngas.
Such facility savings will bring about the remarkable
reduction of the plant cost for its election and operation.
The suitable conditions for the JNOC-GTL process will
meet with the plant scale of 5,000-15,000 BPSD and the
case of CO2 contents being 20-40 mol% in the natural gas.
The economic evaluation does indicate that the JNOC-GTL
process is more economical than the conventional ones
when applied under those conditions.
Our challenges conducted until now have produced the promising
Syngas and FT catalysts and attained the efficient total
process.
This paper introduces the outline and the characteristics
of JNOC-GTL process, the results of Syngas and FT catalysts,
process development, the part of the results of the Yufutsu
GTL pilot plant tests, and the economic evaluation emphasizing
Feasibility Study with Pertamina. |
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